The Forrester Wave™: Microsegmentation Solutions, Q3 2024 - Manufacturing IT View

Manufacturing IT leaders and CISOs increasingly turn to Forrester Research and their "Forrester Wave" reports as essential resources for navigating the complex landscape of cybersecurity solutions. These reports provide comprehensive, objective evaluations of various technology vendors and their offerings, which is particularly valuable in the rapidly evolving manufacturing sector. As Industry 4.0 initiatives drive greater connectivity and digitization on factory floors, manufacturing executives need trusted, independent insights to make informed decisions about cybersecurity investments. Forrester's rigorous methodology and in-depth analysis help both business leaders and technical practitioners understand the strengths and weaknesses of different solutions in the context of manufacturing-specific challenges, such as securing industrial control systems and protecting intellectual property. With Forrester's research, manufacturing IT teams and CISOs gain access to actionable recommendations, emerging trends, and best practices that can directly inform their cybersecurity strategies and technology roadmaps. This strategic guidance is crucial for balancing the need for innovation with the imperative of protecting critical manufacturing operations from increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. In fact, in The Forrester Wave™: Microsegmentation Solutions Q3, 2024, Forrester says that Microsegmentation is in its "Golden Age".

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Elisity is proud to have achieved a “Strong Performer” status, and we are excited that the analysts rated Elisity with the highest score possible in the vision and roadmap criteria. We appreciate the trust that numerous manufacturing organizations, including GSK and Shaw Floors, have placed in our platform. 

Evolution of Network Segmentation In Manufacturing IT Environments 

Network segmentation has come a long way since its inception in the early days of computer networking. Initially, segmentation was primarily used to improve network performance by reducing traffic congestion. As networks grew more complex and cyber threats became more sophisticated, segmentation evolved into a crucial security measure. 

In the 1990s, with the rise of the internet and increasing connectivity, the concept of perimeter security emerged. Organizations focused on creating a strong outer defense, often referred to as the "castle-and-moat" approach. However, this strategy proved insufficient as threats began to originate from within networks. 

The early 2000s saw the introduction of virtual local area networks (VLANs), which allowed for logical separation of network traffic. This marked a significant step towards more granular network segmentation. As cyber attacks became more targeted and persistent, the need for even more refined segmentation strategies became apparent. 

Today, network segmentation has become an essential component of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy, particularly in critical infrastructure sectors like manufacturing. Modern segmentation approaches go beyond simple network division, incorporating concepts like microsegmentation and zero trust architecture to provide more robust protection against evolving threats. 

Regulatory Landscape and Industry Standards 

The importance of network segmentation in manufacturing environments is underscored by various regulations and industry standards. One of the most significant frameworks in this context is the IEC 62443 series of standards. 

IEC 62443 

IEC 62443 is a series of standards developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to address cybersecurity for industrial automation and control systems (IACS). This framework provides guidelines for implementing secure IACS across all critical industry sectors. (You can also read Elisity's White Paper on Enhancing OT Network Security with IEC 62443)

Key aspects of IEC 62443 related to network segmentation include:  

1. Zone and Conduit Model: IEC 62443 introduces the concept of dividing the network into zones and connecting them via conduits. This approach allows for better control of communication between different parts of the network. 

2. Security Levels: The standard defines different security levels, ranging from 1 to 4, with increasing requirements for protection against cyber threats. Higher security levels often necessitate more stringent segmentation practices.

3. Defense-in-Depth Strategy: IEC 62443 emphasizes a layered approach to security, with network segmentation playing a crucial role in creating multiple barriers against potential attacks.

Other Relevant Standards and Regulations 

While IEC 62443 is particularly relevant for manufacturing environments, other standards and regulations also emphasize the importance of network segmentation: 

- NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Recommends network segmentation as a key practice for protecting critical infrastructure. 

- NERC CIP: Requires network segmentation for electric utilities to isolate critical cyber assets. 

- HIPAA: While primarily focused on healthcare, its security rules have implications for medical device manufacturers, emphasizing the need for network segmentation to protect sensitive data. 

Best Practices for Network Segmentation in Manufacturing  

Implementing effective network segmentation in manufacturing environments requires a strategic approach that balances security needs with operational requirements. Here are some best practices to consider: 

Conduct a Thorough Asset Inventory

Before implementing segmentation, it's crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of all devices and systems on the network. This includes: 

- Identifying all IT, IoT and OT assets 

- Documenting their functions, criticality, and communication requirements 

- Mapping data flows between systems 

A detailed asset inventory forms the foundation for designing an effective segmentation strategy.  

2. Implement the Zone and Conduit Model

Following the IEC 62443 framework, divide the network into logical zones based on functional requirements and security levels. Common zones in a manufacturing environment might include: 

- Enterprise IT Zone 

- Manufacturing Operations Zone 

- Process Control Zone 

- Safety Systems Zone 

Conduits should be established to control and monitor communication between zones. This approach allows for: 

- Isolation of critical systems 

- Containment of potential breaches 

- Easier management of security policies 

3. Utilize Next-Generation Firewalls and Security Appliances

Modern segmentation requires more than just VLANs. Implement next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) and other security appliances to: 

- Implement deep packet inspection 

- Detect and prevent advanced threats 

 These devices should be configured to enforce the principle of least privilege, allowing only necessary communication between zones. 

4. Implement Microsegmentation 

For critical systems or those handling sensitive data, microsegmentation is crucial. This involves: 

-  Control traffic between zones 

- Segmenting the network down to individual workloads or devices 

- Using software-defined networking (SDN) technologies for more granular control 

- Implementing host-based firewalls and endpoint protection 

Microsegmentation provides an additional layer of security, making it more difficult for attackers to move laterally within the network.

5. Monitor and Analyze Network Traffic

Continuous monitoring of network traffic is essential for maintaining the effectiveness of segmentation. Implement: 

- Network monitoring tools to detect unusual traffic patterns 

- Security information and event management (SIEM) systems for log analysis 

- Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) at key network points 

Regular analysis of traffic patterns can help identify potential security issues and refine segmentation strategies.

6. Regularly Review and Update Segmentation Policies

 Network segmentation is not a one-time implementation but an ongoing process. Regularly review and update segmentation policies to: 

- Accommodate new devices or systems 

- Address emerging threats 

- Ensure compliance with evolving regulations 

 Conduct periodic penetration testing and vulnerability assessments to validate the effectiveness of segmentation measures. 

Learn how Elisity enables non-disrutive microsegmentation with features designed specifically for securing Industrial and Operational Technology environments, in accordance with IEC 62443.

Operational Technology (OT) devices present unique challenges

Operational Technology (OT) devices present unique challenges in manufacturing environments. These devices often have long lifecycles, may run outdated software, and can be difficult to patch or update. Effective management of OT devices in a segmented network requires: 

1. Isolation of OT Networks: Create separate zones for OT devices, isolated from IT networks. Deploy a solution like Elisity or utilize industrial firewalls and data diodes to control communication between OT and IT zones or implement both. 

2. Protocol-Specific Segmentation: Many OT devices use specialized industrial protocols. Implement protocol-specific segmentation to control and monitor these communications effectively.

3. Unidirectional Gateways: For critical OT systems, consider implementing unidirectional security gateways to allow data flow out of the OT network while preventing any inbound connections.

4. Network Access Control (NAC): Implement NAC solutions to ensure only authorized devices can connect to the OT network. This helps prevent unauthorized access and reduces the risk of malware introduction.

5. OT-Specific Security Tools: Utilize security tools designed specifically for OT environments, such as industrial-grade intrusion detection systems and asset discovery tools.

6. Patch Management Strategy: Develop a robust patch management strategy for OT devices, considering their operational constraints. This may involve creating test environments to validate patches before deployment.

Conclusion 

Network segmentation is a critical component of cybersecurity strategy in manufacturing environments. By implementing a well-designed segmentation approach, organizations can significantly reduce their attack surface, contain potential breaches, and protect critical assets and data. 

The key to successful implementation lies in understanding the unique requirements of the manufacturing environment, adhering to relevant standards and regulations, and adopting a holistic approach that combines technology, processes, and people. 

As cyber threats continue to evolve, so too must our approach to network security. Regular assessment, updating, and refinement of segmentation strategies will be crucial in maintaining a robust defense against emerging threats in the ever-changing landscape of industrial cybersecurity.  

By following these best practices and maintaining a proactive stance, manufacturing organizations can create a resilient network infrastructure that supports both operational efficiency and robust security posture in the face of growing cyber threats. 

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